Learning the 24 letters of the Greek alphabet using the classical pronunciation; recognizing that there is some variation in pronunciation in the ancient world; practicing the pairings of vowels, called diphthongs; words read out in sentences.

Greek nouns have gender; whether the case is nominative, genitive, dative or accusative; a function usually performed by word order or prepositions in English; the eight noun endings of the primarily feminine first declension.

Invented by Aristophanes of Byzantium, head of the Library of Alexandria, accents are key clues to the pronunciation of Greek words; they often provide other crucial information; the rules for acute, grave and circumflex, the three types of accents.

The two variations in the pattern of the first declension; one used in Homeric Greek and the other in Koine, the Greek of the New Testament; despite being separated by almost a thousand years, the two dialects have remarkable continuity.

Greek verbs are described in terms of person, number, tense, voice and mood; verbs that are present active indicative; voice, person and number are indicated by endings on the verb base. For the present tense, these are called primary endings.

One has studied first-declension nouns, which are mainly feminine; expanding into masculine and neuter nouns, many of which use second-declension endings; practicing these endings together with their adjectival forms in words; Homer's works.