The early 1800s sees the golden age of small arms production, with power, accuracy and loading speed taking a massive leap forward as the modern cartridge appears for the first time.

Machine gun development begins in the final days of the American Civil War. In the later years of WWI, machine guns are used on both sides with devastating impact, and by WWII, along with assault rifles, they become the mainstay of the infantry.

Cannons and early artillery are first used in the 14th century primarily to break sieges and breach enemy defences, but everything changes after the Industrial Revolution as artillery becomes mobile and more accurate.