Examining the waves of people who settle Eastern Europe during the ancient and medieval worlds; ethnic groups create a diversity of language and culture; the mix of Christians, Jews and Muslims lead to the region's first political strife.

A look at several decisive battles; how these battles are transformed into legends; why they are key turning points for the region's political landscape; the creation of a united Poland-Lithuania; the rise of empires in Prussia, Austria and Russia.

The age of Romanticism, when poets surpass politicians in setting agendas; the distinction between civil and ethnic nationalism; the 19th-century revolutions that sweep across the region; how defeat in these revolutions pave the way for empires.