During WWII, the IRA's "S Plan" aimed to bomb Britain. "Operation Green" and "Plan Kathleen" envisioned IRA aiding a German invasion of Northern Ireland.

Pierre Laval, once celebrated and later reviled, faced execution in 1945 for collaboration with the Nazis during Vichy France.

Chaim Rumkowski, leader of the Lodz ghetto during WWII, believed cooperation with the Nazis could save lives, providing labor in exchange for food.

In Hitler’s Germany, those with Jewish ancestry faced harsh Nuremberg Laws. Some, like Helmut Schmidt, unaware of heritage, found protectors like Milch in high places.

Croatia grapples with its fascist past through figures like Dinko Sakic, once hailed as a hero but later convicted of war crimes. Sakic oversaw brutal atrocities against inmates.

Viktor Arajs, a Latvian, played a significant role in the Holocaust, collaborating with the Nazis to eliminate Jews. Arajs justified his actions as patriotic defense.